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On the point of complexities in history. We were trained to understand that there are multiple perspectives to a historical event. We need to make sure that the students understand this as well. Whether you are teaching World Civ I or AP European, ensuring that the students are aware of the arguments and can make decisions based upon those arguments is vital to their understanding as historians.

History is a complex and wonderful way to engage debate and discussion. Let’s help our students understand that so they don’t get sucked into believing that history is just memorization.

Table of Contents
TAKING SIDES : Clashing Views on Controversial Issues in American History, Volume I , Tenth Edition

PART 1. Colonial Society

New! ISSUE 1. Is America Exceptional?

New! YES: Seymour Martin Lipset, from American Exceptionalism: A Double-Edged Sword

New! NO: Ian Tyrrell, from “American Exceptionalism in an Age of International History,” American Historical Review

Professor of public policy Seymour Martin Lipset describes the United States as an “outlier” because of its revolutionary origins and because statistically it is more religious, optimistic, patriotic, rights-oriented, and individualistic than other nations in the world. Professor of history Ian Tyrrell criticizes the national focus of the concept of American exceptionalism and advocates the development of a “transnational” history.

ISSUE 2. Was Columbus an Imperialist?

YES: Kirkpatrick Sale, from The Conquest of Paradise: Christopher Columbus and the Columbian Legacy

NO: Robert Royal, from 1492 and All That: Political Manipulations of History

Kirkpatrick Sale, a contributing editor of The Nation, characterizes Christopher Columbus as an imperialist who was determined to conquer both the land and the people he encountered during his first voyage to the Americas in 1492. Robert Royal, vice president for research at the Ethics and Public Policy Center, objects to Columbus’s modern-day critics and insists that Columbus should be admired for his courage, his willingness to take a risk, and his success in advancing knowledge about other parts of the world.

New! ISSUE 3. Were the English Colonists Guilty of Genocide?

New! YES: David E. Stannard, from American Holocaust: Columbus and the Conquest of the New World

New! NO: Steven T. Katz, from “The Pequot War Reconsidered,” The New England Quarterly
David E. Stannard, a professor of American studies, insists that the colonists carried out a conscious militaristic policy to exterminate the Native Americans. Steven T. Katz, a professor of Near Eastern studies, contends that the Pequot War was not an instance of premeditated genocide carried out by New Englanders against the Native Americans.

ISSUE 4. Was the Colonial Period a “Golden Age” for Women in America?
YES: Lois Green Carr and Lorena S. Walsh, from “The Planter’s Wife: The Experience of White Women in Seventeenth-Century Maryland,” William and Mary Quarterly
NO: Mary Beth Norton, from “The Myth of the Golden Age,” in Carol Ruth Berkin and Mary Beth Norton, eds., Women of America: A History
Adjunct professor of history Lois Green Carr and historian Lorena S. Walsh identify several factors that coalesced to afford women in seventeenth-century Maryland a higher status with fewer restraints on their social conduct than those experienced by women in England. Professor of American history Mary Beth Norton challenges the “golden age” theory, insisting that women in colonial America, whether white, black, or Native American, typically occupied a domestic sphere that was lacking in status, physically debilitating over time, and a barrier to educational opportunity and political power.

ISSUE 5. Were Socioeconomic Tensions Responsible for the Witchcraft Hysteria in Salem?
YES: Paul Boyer and Stephen Nissenbaum, from Salem Possessed: The Social Origins of Witchcraft
NO: Laurie Winn Carlson, from A Fever in Salem
Historians Paul Boyer and Stephen Nissenbaum argue that the Salem witchcraft hysteria of 1692 was prompted by economic and social tensions that occurred against the backdrop of an emergent commercial capitalism, conflicts between ministers and their congregations, and the loss of family lands, which divided the residents of Salem Town and Salem Village. Author Laurie Winn Carlson contends that the witchcraft hysteria in Salem was the product of people’s responses to physical and neurological behaviors resulting from an unrecognized epidemic of encephalitis.

PART 2. Revolution and the New Nation

New! ISSUE 6. Was the Great Awakening a Key to the American Revolution?
New! YES: William G. McLoughlin, from “`Enthusiasm for Liberty’: The Great Awakening as the Key to the Revolution,” in Jack P. Greene and William G. McLoughlin, Preachers and Politicians: Two Essays on the Origins of the American Revolution
New! NO: Jon Butler, from “Enthusiasm Described and Decried: The Great Awakening as Interpretative Fiction,” Journal of American History
Professor of history William G. McLoughlin contends that the Great Awakening, by promoting religious revitalization, intercolonial unity, and democracy, paved the way for the American Revolution. Professor of religious studies Jon Butler challenges the validity of the term Great Awakening and argues that a link between the eighteenth-century colonial religious revivals and the American Revolution was virtually nonexistent.